艾滋病毒感染者中COVID-19突破性感染:全州的队列分析
Xueying Yang1,2, Jiajia Zhang1,3, Shujie Chen1,3
1South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
|September 9, 2024
概括
COVID-19突破性感染在艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 中很常见,特别是在三角洲和Omicron变种期间. 增强剂量显著减少了这一群体的突破性感染.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 可能有免疫反应的改变.
- 了解PWH中COVID-19突破性感染对于流行病管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 中COVID-19突破性感染的发生率.
- 调查免疫状况与跨越流行病阶段的突破性感染之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 使用南卡罗来纳州电子健康记录进行的回顾性队列研究.
- 定义突破性感染为COVID-19在完全接种疫苗后的诊断.
- 分析了使用考克斯比例危险模型的风险因素.
主要成果:
- 在完全接种疫苗的PWH中,突破性感染的高发病率 (每1000人年118.95) 很高.
- 与阿尔法相比,在三角形 (HR: 1.50) 和欧米克朗 (HR: 2.86) 期间的风险增加.
- 增剂剂量显著降低了突破风险 (HR:0.19).
- 较高的CD4计数与较少的突破相关 (HR:0.68>500对<200细胞/mm3).
结论:
- COVID-19突破性感染是艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 的重要关注点.
- 没有强剂量,年龄较大,并发症和CD4计数较低是关键的危险因素.
- 疫苗接种策略应优先考虑PWH的助推剂,特别是伴随疾病的老年人.
相关概念视频
Sexually Transmitted Infections
286
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
286
Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.8K
Viral Mutations
32.2K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.2K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
225
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
225
Retroviruses
12.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.2K
Immunodeficiency Diseases
923
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
923


