重新考虑在保护区边界的牲畜侵占
1School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
概括
在肯尼亚的马赛马拉国家保护区放牧的牲畜并没有显著地伤害野生食草动物. 保护政策应该重新考虑严格的牲畜排斥,以平衡人类和野生动物的需求.
科学领域:
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 野生动物生态学野生动物生态学
- 社会生态系统社会生态系统
背景情况:
- 牲畜侵占保护区是一个全球性的保护问题,通常与野生动物的负面影响有关.
- 马赛马拉国家保护区 (MMNR) 面临冲突,因为被认为牲畜对野生动物的影响,导致马赛牧民的排斥政策.
- 关于在MMNR.内牲畜与野生动物相互作用的社会生态背景的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查牛群对马赛马拉国家保护区内野生食草动物的生态影响.
- 评估资源的可用性,与MMNR边界附近的牲畜存在有关.
- 通过检查牲畜与野生动物共存的细微差别,为保护和管理战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在MMNR的60个地点进行了19个月的生态监测.
- 采用了物种群体的等级建模和高斯偶的图形模型.
- 分析了牛和野生食草动物之间的关联,以及资源退化.
主要成果:
- 牛在当前强度的存在并没有显著影响大多数同时出现的野生食草动物.
- 在牛和几乎所有野生草食动物之间没有发现直接的负面或正面关联.
- 在MMNR边界附近的牲畜存在的地区没有检测到资源退化.
结论:
- 广泛放牧的牲畜对野生动物的生态影响可能比以前假设的更为细微.
- 在MMNR中严格的牲畜排除措施需要重新评估,以纳入食草动物生态和当地社会政治因素.
- 为了平衡人类,牲畜和野生动物的需求,保护区管理需要采用整体方法.
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