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L Fernández de Gamarra-Oca¹, Natalia Ojeda², J M Ontañón³

¹Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Avda de las Universidades 24, 48007, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain. Lexuri.fernandez@deusto.es.

Scientific reports

|September 10, 2024

概括

低风险的早产与成年后的认知和大脑差异有关. 过早出生的年轻人在语言和社会认知方面得分较低,大脑结构和白质变化.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
发展心理学发展心理学
放射学放射学是一门学科.

背景情况:

过早生育与神经发育的改变有关.
以前的研究集中在严重的早产或大脑损伤.
低风险早产的长期认知和结构性大脑影响仍然不太了解.

研究的目的:

为了研究在低风险早产 (30-36周妊娠年龄) 后出生但没有严重脑损伤的年轻成年人的认知功能和大脑结构.
为了比较青春期和年轻成年期中低风险的早产和长期的个体之间的神经发育结果.

主要方法:

对250名参与者的神经心理评估 (132名低风险早产,118名满期),年龄在16-38岁之间.
对64名年轻成年人进行结构性 (T1加权) 和扩散加权的MRI分析 (33名低风险早产,31名全产),年龄在20-32岁之间.
分析包括认知测试 (流利性,思维理论) 和脑成像指标 (丘脑体积,皮质厚度,白质完整性 - AD,MD,NDI,ODI).

主要成果:

风险较低的早产儿在语音和语义流性以及思维理论任务中得分较低.
在早产组中,MRI揭示了乳头体积的减少和较厚的皮质在下圈中.
过早产生的个体表现出改变的白质微观结构,具有更高的辐射扩散率 (RD) 和平均扩散率 (MD),以及较低的正常化扩散成像 (NDI) 和方向分散指数 (ODI).

结论:

低风险的早产与特定认知领域 (语言,社会认知) 的微妙但显著的缺陷有关,并持续到成年.
在低风险早产后的年轻人中,大脑结构 (thalamus,下圈) 和白质微观结构的神经发育差异存在.
这些发现强调了早产对大脑发育和认知功能的持久影响,即使没有重大损伤.

关键词:

青春期和年轻人的成年期大脑的宏观和微观结构认知功能认知功能当前的社会经济状况.低风险的早产早产婴儿.

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