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相关概念视频

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

859
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
2.2K
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

2.3K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
2.3K
Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:28

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

1.8K
Tubular secretion and reabsorption are two critical processes in the nephron tubule of the kidneys. When the fluid filtered from the glomerulus enters the proximal convoluted tubule, it is referred to as filtrate, and its composition changes due to tubular reabsorption and secretion.
Tubular reabsorption is a selective process that starts when the filtrate enters the proximal tubules. It involves substances traveling through the transcellular route (through the tubule cell and peritubular...
1.8K
Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

2.4K
The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
2.4K
Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

49.9K
The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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相关实验视频

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Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine
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管状上皮细胞调节元件的变异介于人类功能中的大多数遗传差异.

Gabriel B Loeb1,2, Pooja Kathail3, Richard W Shuai4

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Gabriel.Loeb@ucsf.edu.

Nature genetics
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概括

这项研究确定了430个影响成年人功能的遗传区域. 这些对功能的遗传影响大多源于管表皮细胞和细胞细胞的变化.

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Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 功能衰竭显著影响发病率和死亡率.
  • 了解功能遗传基础对于开发有效治疗方法至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定与功能相关的遗传位置.
  • 确定功能遗传性中涉及的细胞类型和调控元素.

主要方法:

  • 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 涉及406,504名英国生物库参与者.
  • 将GWAS数据与人类脏中转化酶可访问的染色体测序 (scATAC-seq) 的单细胞测定集成.
  • 增强剂测试,基因特异性scATAC-seq,机器学习和CRISPR干扰 (CRISPRi) 用于功能验证.

主要成果:

  • 确定了430个与中年成人功能相关的位置.
  • 56%的功能遗传局限于管内皮质候选 cis-regulatory元素 (cCREs),另有7%的 podocyte cCREs.
  • 证明许多功能变异改变了管表皮细胞中的cCRE可访问性和功能,涉及NDRG1,CCNB1和STC1.1等基因.

结论:

  • 成年人功能中的遗传性差异主要是由管内上皮细胞和细胞细胞中的基因表达改变所驱动的.
  • 通过GWAS识别的遗传变异可以通过调节cCREs来对功能产生功能性影响.
  • 这项研究为功能遗传结构提供了新的见解,并确定了潜在的治疗点.