欧盟对算法护理的监管:通过"人工智能法" (AI-Act) 和责任指令,医生患者模式的发展
Barry Solaiman1,2, Abeer Malik3
1HBKU Law, Qatar.
Medical law review
|September 11, 2024
概括
欧盟"人工智能法"所规定的医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI) 可能会改变医生与患者的关系. 需要仔细监管,以确保人工智能增强,而不是侵蚀患者的自主权和医疗保健专业人员的作用.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健政策 医疗保健政策
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 技术法 技术法 技术法
背景情况:
- 西方医学优先考虑患者的自主权,从历史的父权主义转变.
- 包括人工智能在内的技术进步正在迅速改变医疗保健的提供.
- 欧盟的人工智能法案 (AI-Act) 是医疗保健领域人工智能的关键监管框架.
研究的目的:
- 分析人工智能整合在医疗保健中的影响,根据人工智能法对医生与患者关系的规定.
- 探索AI对患者护理动态的影响的潜在未来途径.
- 识别患者自主权和医疗保健专业人员角色的风险.
主要方法:
- 该研究对欧盟的AI-Act和相关指令进行了批判性分析.
- 它考察了西方医学中患者自主权的不断变化的范式.
- 它讨论了人工智能采用对医疗保健决策的潜在后果.
主要成果:
- 人工智能集成有三个潜在的结果:增强患者的自主权,增加医生控制,或剥夺双方的权力.
- 在AI-Act的基于风险的方法中存在的缺陷可能会使私人实体对患者自主权产生权力.
- 现有的指令,如人工智能责任指令,可能无法完全解决AI-Act的限制.
结论:
- 目前的监管框架,包括人工智能法,需要仔细解释,以保障患者的自主权.
- 未来的法规必须确保人工智能支持,而不是破坏医疗保健专业人员的中心作用.
- 积极的措施对于减轻与医疗保健中人工智能相关的风险和保持伦理患者护理至关重要.
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