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Electrolysis03:00

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
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For a chemical reaction (the system) carried out at constant pressure – with the only work done caused by expansion or contraction – the enthalpy of reaction (also called the heat of reaction, ΔHrxn) is equal to the heat exchanged with the surroundings (qp).
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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在水电解中的气体进化.

Paul A Kempler1,2, Robert H Coridan3, Long Luo4,5

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States.

Chemical reviews
|September 11, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

水电解中的气泡会影响气生产效率. 本综述涵盖了气泡-电极相互作用,特征,用于气体去除的电极设计,以及用于改进能量转换的多相流模型.

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科学领域:

  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.

背景情况:

  • 在水电解 (演变反应和氧演变反应) 过程中产生的气泡显著影响能量转化效率.
  • 了解气泡-电极相互作用对于优化气生产至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查有关气泡-电极相互作用及其对水电解装置的影响的当前知识.
  • 概述气泡生命周期过程,表征技术和用于气体去除的电极定制.
  • 审查单个泡和多相流的建模工作.

主要方法:

  • 关于水电解中的气体演变现象的文献综述.
  • 分析气泡生命周期中的物理过程.
  • 现场和实际设备表征技术的摘要.
  • 讨论用于气体去除的电极设计策略.
  • 对计算流体动力学和多相流量建模的审查.

主要成果:

  • 电极表面的气泡动力学是复杂的,并影响整体设备性能.
  • 定制电极表面可以增强气体的去除,特别是在高电流密度.
  • 当前的建模方法为泡行为和多相流程提供了洞察力.

结论:

  • 需要进一步的研究才能充分理解电化学设备中的气体演变.
  • 改进的多相流的模拟对于推进生产技术至关重要.
  • 解决气体演变表征和建模中的悬而未决的问题将提高能源转换效率.