实践临床文本的实用性分析和演示:关于日本癌症相关电子健康记录的案例研究
Shuntaro Yada1, Tomohiro Nishiyama1, Shoko Wakamiya1
1Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.
PloS one
|September 11, 2024
概括
从非结构化文本中提取医疗信息,如出院摘要,丰富了现实世界数据 (RWD) 挖掘. 这种方法通过揭示联合抗癌药物使用的不良影响来改善药物安全性评估.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 健康 数据科学 数据科学
背景情况:
- 现实世界数据 (RWD),包括电子健康记录 (EHR),在医学中至关重要.
- 结构化的RWD被广泛使用,但由于提取挑战,非结构化的文本数据 (例如,排放摘要) 仍然未得到充分利用.
研究的目的:
- 评估从非结构化文本中提取的临床概念的附加值,以补充结构化的RWD.
- 评估自然语言处理 (NLP) 对于增强从临床笔记中提取医疗信息的有用性.
主要方法:
- 利用基于机器学习的命名实体识别工具从日本医院出院摘要中提取疾病和药物名称.
- 使用词典将提取的术语与医学概念联系起来,并将发现与表格诊断和药物订单记录进行比较.
- 使用提取的文本信息开发了一种用于药物安全评估的实际应用系统.
主要成果:
- 与表格记录相比,文本数据提供了更丰富的患者症状信息;药物订单包含了更多的注射数据.
- 在文本,诊断记录和药物订单中观察到疾病信息的显著差异.
- 药物安全性评估系统有效地可视化了联合使用抗癌药物的潜在不良药物影响.
结论:
- 非结构化文本数据,当使用NLP处理时,显著提高了RWD挖矿能力.
- 整合文本信息提取可以提高医疗数据分析的全面性,特别是在药物安全方面.
- 从文本中提取临床概念的NLP驱动的提取对于最大限度地提高RWD的价值至关重要.
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