为什么英格兰在2019年改变了对已故器官捐献的法律? 证据和价值观之间的动态相互作用
Lorraine Williams1, Jennifer Bostock1, Jane Noyes2
1Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Health economics, policy, and law
|September 12, 2024
概括
英格兰英格兰英格兰英格兰.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 英国在2020年实施了成人已故器官捐赠同意的选择退出系统.
- 尽管发生了变化,但器官捐献率并没有显著增加.
- 这一结果与立法过程中做出的预测形成鲜明对比.
研究的目的:
- 调查英国采用退出器官捐献制度背后的原因.
- 了解尽管有模两可的证据和专家反对意见,但推理的转变.
- 分析规范性考虑和公众论对政策变革的影响.
主要方法:
- 对议会关于器官捐献立法辩论的定性分析.
- 审查在法案通过期间提出的论点和证据的演变.
- 对外部因素的上下文分析,如威尔士的选择退出系统和游说活动.
主要成果:
- 议会辩论从基于证据的方法转向了有利于假定同意的规范立场.
- 关于选择退出系统的好处的有限和相互矛盾的证据被积极解释.
- 外部压力,包括威尔士的政策和持续的公众支持,影响了向假定同意的转变.
结论:
- 在英格兰,采用选择性器官捐献系统的动机更多是"被认为是同意"是"正确的事情"的规范信念,而不是有效性的明确证据.
- 这一政策转变发生在卫生专业组织的反对和模两可的数据的情况下.
- 了解这种转变对于评估未来公共卫生政策变化至关重要.
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