在猿类和子中,精子受精基因ZP3r的反复独立伪基因化事件
J A Carlisle1, D H Gurbuz2, W J Swanson2
1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. jcarlisl@uw.edu.
Journal of molecular evolution
|September 12, 2024
概括
对于受精至关重要的小鼠ZP3r的人类正义基因是伪基因C4BPAP1.1. 这种生殖基因在猿类和子中经历了独立的损失,这表明哺乳动物中的冗余受精机制.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 生殖性蛋白质迅速进化,使物种间的ortolog识别变得复杂.
- 鼠标ZP3r/sp56与卵层ZP3结合,可能调解体反应.
- 鉴定像ZP3r这样快速演变的生殖基因的人类正义基因是具有挑战性的,因为序列分歧和基因重复.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别小鼠ZP3r基因的人类正义基因.
- 为了研究灵长类动物中ZP3r的进化历史.
- 了解ZP3r进化对受精机制的功能影响.
主要方法:
- 遗传学分析以确定进化关系.
- 合成分析检查基因秩序和保护.
- 进行比较基因组学以识别基因正义基因和伪基因.
- 对作用于ZP3r.的阳性选择的分析.
主要成果:
- 鼠标ZP3r的人类正义基因被确定为伪基因C4BPAP1.1.
- 在人猿 (猩猩除外) 和许多子物种中观察到ZP3r的独立伪基化事件.
- 在ZP3r中,在保留灵长类动物和动物中都发现了积极选择的位点.
- 猩猩似乎保留了一个功能性的ZP3r基因.
结论:
- 人类ZP3r的正统基因是一种伪基因,C4BPAP1,表明人类血统中的功能丧失.
- 在各种灵长类血统中ZP3r的独立丧失表明了ZP3识别冗余机制的进化.
- 在受精中ZP3r的相对重要性在哺乳动物物种之间有所不同.
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