年龄,性别和培训对跨学科培训的具体影响
Aymen Ben Othman1, Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar2, José Carlos Aragão-Santos2,3
1Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimisation", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis,Tunisia.
Pediatric exercise science
|September 12, 2024
概括
单侧训练增强训练的肢体和对侧同类肌肉的力量,与成年人相比,在年轻人中观察到更大的交叉教育效应. 性别差异很小,除了肘部伸展器的强度.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动研究 人类运动研究
背景情况:
- 交叉教育效应,即训练一个四肢改善对侧四肢,在成年人中得到了充分证实,主要集中在同类肌肉上.
- 较少的研究探讨了异质肌肉的交叉教育,跨越不同年龄组 (青年与成年人) 或考虑性别差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较女性和男性青年和年轻成年人的交叉教育效应.
- 为了研究单边训练后对对侧面同类肌肉和异质肌肉的影响.
- 检查培训适应性方面的性别和年龄差异.
主要方法:
- 112名参与者 (女性/男性青年/成年人) 接受了为期8周的单边,主导的手臂,胸部压力 (CP) 训练.
- 训练前和训练后的评估包括CP和腿部按压的最大1次重复 (1RM),各种肌肉群的最大自发对称收缩 (MVIC),投篮距离和反运动跳跃高度.
主要成果:
- 单边的CP培训导致了特定 (CP 1RM) 和非特定 (肘部伸展器,曲器,手柄,射击) 措施的显著改善.
- 在下肢力量方面没有观察到显著的改善.
- 青少年在CP 1RM,肘部伸展器MVIC和射击距离方面表现出比成人更大的适应能力. 没有发现任何显著的性别差异,除了肘部伸展器.
结论:
- 交叉教育在很大程度上是特定于训练的,在训练的上半身和主导肢体中获得的收益更大.
- 与成年人相比,年轻人表现出增强的跨教育效益.
- 观察到最小的性别差异,这表明跨性别教育效应的概括性,在肘部伸展器强度方面有一个显著的例外.
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