威胁损害了认知地图的灵活使用
Brian Silston1, Kevin N Ochsner1, Mariam Aly1
1Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York NY 10027.
Motivation and emotion
|September 13, 2024
概括
威胁损害了灵活的航行和决策. 在模拟环境中,面临危险的参与者表现出不那么高效的绕道,在复杂情况下导航时表现出减少的认知灵活性.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 目标导向行为依赖于适应性系统,以应对环境需求.
- 安全的环境促进探索和灵活的记忆,而危险会缩小焦点,损害认知灵活性.
- 受威胁或奖励影响的动机转变,显著改变了行为策略.
研究的目的:
- 调查动机变化的影响,特别是威胁,在生态相关的环境中对行为灵活性的影响.
- 确定威胁引起的认知过程的变化是否特别损害了灵活的导航和绕道决策.
- 提供关于动态威胁如何影响适应性行为认知地图的利用的经验证据.
主要方法:
- 参与者在安全和威胁的环境中在迷宫般的环境中进行了导航,后者涉及掠食者模拟和电击.
- 学习阶段包括导航到对象位置,然后是测试阶段,路径被阻塞,需要绕道.
- 通过在不同威胁级别下测量导航效率,绕道选择和路径长度来评估性能.
主要成果:
- 威胁大大增加了目标对象的路径长度,并在遇到障碍时降低了绕道的效率.
- 即使考虑到一般导航性能,绕道导航的障碍仍然存在.
- 非绕道导航性能无法可靠地预测绕道导航,这表明灵活的绕道响应存在特定缺陷.
结论:
- 动态,可观察到的威胁显然会降低导航和决策中的认知灵活性.
- 威胁引起的注意力和动机的缩小,特别影响了灵活更新和利用认知地图的能力.
- 这些发现突出了感知到的危险对复杂环境中的适应性,目标导向行为的重大影响.
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