认知控制信念的10年变化与中后成人认知表现之间的关系
Kylie A Schiloski1, Margie E Lachman1
1Psychology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
概括
认知控制信念可以防止老年人的认知能力下降. 更高的执行功能也支持这些信念,特别是通过参与刺激活动.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降是衰老的一个重要问题.
- 认知控制信念,或个人认为他们可以控制他们的认知程度,可能在维持认知功能方面发挥作用.
- 了解信念和实际认知表现与时间的相互作用对于开发干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在10年的时间里,研究认知控制信念和认知功能 (执行功能,情节性记忆) 之间的相互关系.
- 为了检查参与刺激认知活动是否会调解这种关系.
- 为了确定这些关系是否在各个年龄组之间有所不同.
主要方法:
- 采用了纵向,交叉延伸的面板设计.
- 分析了来自美国中年期研究 (M2和M3波) 的2532名参与者的数据 (基线年龄为33-83岁).
- 认知功能和认知控制信念在10年间进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 在认知控制信念和执行功能之间发现了相互关系.
- 更高的执行功能与老年人更好地维护认知控制信念有关.
- 认知控制信念预测了情节性记忆的10年变化,但不是相反.
- 参与刺激认知活动调解了执行功能与认知控制信念变化之间的联系.
结论:
- 认知控制信念在保护与年龄相关的执行功能和情节性记忆衰退方面表现有前途.
- 执行功能影响认知控制信念,更高的功能与更频繁地参与认知活动有关,从而维持信念.
- 这些发现突出了认知和对衰老的信念之间的动态相互作用.
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