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高谷物饮食对乳母荷尔斯坦奶牛的表现,乳房发酵和乳房微生物群的影响

Kexin Wang¹, Damin Song¹, Xuelei Zhang¹

¹Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

|September 14, 2024

概括

将高谷物饮食 (HG) 给哺乳乳母牛食,显著改变了乳头发酵和微生物组成. 这项研究发现,HG饮食减少了牛奶脂肪,但增加了总挥发性脂肪酸,影响了密集乳制品养殖的微生物种群.

科学领域:

动物的营养和新陈代谢
乳牛的微生物组是乳牛的微生物组
动物科学动物科学

背景情况:

高谷物饮食在强化奶牛养殖中很常见,以最大限度地提高牛奶产量.
饮食成分显著影响功能,微生物生态和宿主动物生理.
了解这些影响对于优化奶牛健康和生产率至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估高谷物 (HG) 饮食与低谷物 (LG) 饮食对哺乳乳奶牛的生产绩效,肠发酵和微生物群体的影响.
为了确定与HG养相关的特定微生物转移和功能途径.
为牛奶养殖中合理使用HG饮食提供理论基础.

主要方法:

十六只荷尔斯坦牛被随机分配给LG饮食 (40%度) 或HG饮食 (60%度) 6周.
监测了生产表现 (牛奶产量,牛奶脂肪,牛奶尿素).
血液分析了pH值,总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA) 和微生物群体组成 (使用LDA分析和KEGG通路预测).

主要成果:

与LG饮食相比,HG饮食显著降低了牛奶脂肪含量 (p <0.05) 并倾向于增加牛奶尿素 (MUN).
液的pH值下降,而TVFA,乙酸,酸和丁酸的度在HG组显著增加 (p <0.05),乙酸/酸比率下降.
HG饮食改变了小肠微生物种群,增加了Prevotella和Bacteroides,并减少了Methanobrevibacter和Lachnospiraceae ND3007_group;唯一确定的品种是Anaerorhabdus_furcosa_group (LG) 和Prevotella,Stenotrophomonas,Xanthomonadaceae (HG).

结论:

高谷物饮食通过显著改变哺乳乳乳母牛的 rumen 微生物组成来促进 rumen 发酵.
特定的细菌属和功能途径通过HG食被差异调节,影响宿主代谢.
研究结果支持HG饮食的战略性使用,以优化密集乳制品系统的生产,同时强调需要监测相关的代谢和微生物变化.

关键词:

细菌群体的组成细菌群体的组成高谷物饮食高谷物饮食黄皮发酵黄皮发酵黄皮发酵

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