外部和内部强度的变化以及成熟年龄对足球训练任务的影响
Juan Manuel García-Ceberino1,2, José Manuel Cantonero-Cobos1,3, Cristina Conde1,3
1Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Huelva, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 14, 2024
概括
训练强度在不同的足球练习中有很大差异,比赛要求最多. 更成熟的年轻球员表现出更高的强度,但更有效地管理他们的负载.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 儿童运动生理学 运动生理学
- 青年运动员发展 青年运动员发展
背景情况:
- 在峰值高度速度期间优化训练强度对于年轻运动员的表现和伤害预防至关重要.
- 了解不同的培训任务如何影响强度和与生物成熟有关,对于有效的青年发展计划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在U-15和U-16男性足球运动员的分析任务,小边比赛和训练比赛中比较外部和内部训练强度.
- 分析年轻足球运动员的训练强度,任务类型和成熟年龄之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及55名来自西班牙两个俱乐部的U-15和U-16男子足球运动员的横截面研究.
- 使用惯性运动单元和心率监测器监测训练强度.
- 通过人体测量数据和出生日期评估成熟年龄,并使用弗里德曼测试,德宾-康沃尔和斯皮尔曼等级相关性进行统计分析.
主要成果:
- 训练比赛引起的身体要求 (距离,速度,心率) 比小边游戏和分析任务要高得多.
- 与分析任务相比,高强度的动作和冲刺在训练比赛和小边比赛中更频繁.
- 每分钟的球员负载在训练比赛中最高,紧随其后的是小边比赛,在分析任务中最低. 更成熟的玩家表现出更高强度的行动,但更有效地管理了玩家负载.
结论:
- 训练任务设计显著影响年轻足球运动员体验的强度.
- 生物学成熟与青少年运动员的更高的训练强度和更有效的负载管理有关.
- 考虑成熟状态和任务需求的个性化训练处方对于优化青年足球发展和最大限度地降低受伤风险至关重要.
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