在发育过程中强度的性别差异:对体育中的包容性和公平性的影响
Jeremy P Loenneke1, Akemi Abe2, Sakiya Yamasaki3
1Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA.
概括
男孩比女孩更强壮,但肌肉大小和力量在童年期间在两性同样增加. 这表明早期的力量差异可能不是由激素驱动的. 需要进一步的研究.
科学领域:
- 儿科生理学 儿科生理学
- 人类的成长和发展是人类的成长和发展.
- 骨肌肉生物学 骨肌肉生物学
背景情况:
- 男人通常表现出比女性更大的肌肉大小和力量,这通常归因于青春期的荷尔蒙变化.
- 然而,对激素对肌肉功能早期发育差异的影响的证据尚未确定.
- 研究在青春期前肌肉成分的基于性别的变化对于理解这些差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查男孩和女孩之间的前臂肌肉大小和力量的早期生活变化.
- 为了确定肌肉功能的性别差异是否在青春期之前出现.
- 为了将肌肉大小的变化与随时间变化的力量相关联.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及51名儿童 (29名男孩,22名女孩) 的纵向研究,评估时间约为三年 (2021-2023年).
- 测量包括前臂肌肉大小 (腰部肌肉厚度) 和手握强度.
- 统计分析的重点是性别与时间的相互作用,性别和时间的主要影响,以及肌肉大小和力量之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 所有儿童的肌肉大小和力量都随着年龄的增长而显著增加.
- 男孩表现出比女孩更强的握手力,这与最初的测量有所不同.
- 随着时间的推移,肌肉大小增加的速度没有发现基于性别的显著差异.
- 在整个研究期间,在参与者的肌肉大小和力量之间观察到强烈的正相关性.
结论:
- 肌肉的大小和力量在童年期间并行增加,变化速度没有性别特异.
- 观察到的强度的性别差异似乎是在生命早期建立起来的,在青春期显著的荷尔蒙影响之前.
- 需要进一步调查,以阐明导致最大强度最初基于性别的差异的潜在因素.
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