素食饮食模式与老年人摄入不足蛋白质的高患病率有关;一个模拟研究研究
Jos W Borkent1, Pol Grootswagers2, Joost Linschooten3
1HAN University of Applied Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Wageningen University, Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
The journal of nutrition, health & aging
|September 14, 2024
概括
在老年人中转向植物性饮食可以减少蛋白质的数量和质量. 素食饮食显著降低可利用蛋白质,增加了大多数人摄入不足的风险.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 饮食可持续性 饮食的可持续性
背景情况:
- 可持续饮食强调植物性食物,这可能会影响老年人摄入足够的蛋白质.
- 老年人有独特的营养需求,因此蛋白质充足对健康至关重要.
- 需要进行研究来量化基于植物的饮食转变对这种人口中的蛋白质的影响.
研究的目的:
- 模拟各种植物性饮食 (柔性饮食,鱼类饮食,素食,素食) 对老年人蛋白质可用性的影响.
- 评估总体,可消化和可利用蛋白质摄入量的变化.
- 评估老年人低于可利用蛋白质估计平均需求 (EAR) 的百分比.
主要方法:
- 利用了2019-2021年荷兰国家食品消费调查数据 (n=607名社区老年人).
- 通过每位参与者进行两次24小时回忆收集了饮食信息.
- 使用总蛋白质,可消化蛋白质和可利用蛋白质 (消化性修正氨基酸评分) 计算的蛋白质可用性,与调整后的EAR进行比较.
主要成果:
- 植物性饮食减少了可使用的蛋白质约5% (柔性饮食,鱼类饮食,素食饮食),而原始动物性饮食约62%.
- 素食饮食导致使用蛋白质减少近50%,总蛋白质显著降低.
- 不足够的蛋白质摄入量 (低于EAR) 在非素食植物性情景中略有增加,并在素食情景中影响了83.3%的个体.
结论:
- 在老年人饮食中用植物来源取代动物蛋白质会降低蛋白质的数量和质量.
- 在非素食的富含植物的饮食中,蛋白质的减少是最小的.
- 素食饮食对老年人来说存在不足蛋白质摄入的重大风险.
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