冰块和饼干:当时空记忆不被整合到儿童的决策过程中时
Christine Coughlin1, Sabrina Karjack2, Jacqueline Pospisil2
1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, 1009 BSB , Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
概括
小孩子 幼儿 幼儿
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 插曲式记忆,或"什么"",在哪里"和"什么时候" (WWW) 的记忆,已经通过行为选择观察到非人类动物.
- 以前的研究表明,动物的WWW记忆可以使用非语言,基于选择的范式来研究.
- 这引发了关于应用类似的非语言方法来评估幼儿记忆的疑问,减少对口头回忆的依赖.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究儿童的WWW记忆与基于记忆的选择的对齐.
- 检查35岁和711岁儿童和成人的基于选择的记忆任务的发育差异.
- 了解WWW记忆与不同年龄段的衰变和决策等概念的整合.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项研究,涉及35岁 (第1研究,n=95) 和711岁的儿童,以及成年人 (第2研究,n=168).
- 参与者完成了基于选择的任务,旨在评估WWW记忆,而无需显著的口头要求.
- 语言回忆指标也用于与基于选择的表现进行比较.
主要成果:
- 幼儿园 (35岁) 显示在基于选择的任务方面存在困难,这可能是由于将WWW记忆与物品衰变概念集成的挑战.
- 从7岁起,观察到口头回忆和基于选择的措施之间的趋同.
- 这种趋同表明,在老年儿童和成年人中,记忆信号的整合,状态转换的理解和决策能力得到了改善.
结论:
- 幼儿在基于选择的任务中利用 WWW 记忆的能力受到他们对时间衰变和决策过程的理解的限制.
- 综合记忆系统的发展,支持回忆和基于选择的评估,在7岁左右出现.
- 基于选择的范式提供了一种有价值的,口头要求较低的方法,用于在整个发育过程中评估类似情节性的记忆.
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