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SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15对抗cGAS-STING介导的抗病毒天生的免疫反应
Hsin-Ping Chiu1, Yao Yu Yeo2,3, Tsoi Ying Lai1
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|September 16, 2024
概括
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 蛋白质通过向cGAS和STING,这些关键的先天免疫传感器来对抗宿主免疫系统. 破坏其内啡核糖酶活性会损害病毒复制并增强免疫反应.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 冠状病毒 (CoV) 使用非结构性蛋白15 (Nsp15),一种内核酶 (EndoU),以逃避宿主天生的免疫力.
- 需要进一步阐明SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15在对抗宿主抗病毒反应,特别是cGAS-STING通路中的特定作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15在先天性免疫逃避中的功能.
- 确定NSP15的EndoU活动在对抗cGAS-STING通路中的作用.
主要方法:
- 产生一种催化无活性的SARS-CoV-2突变体 (rSARS-CoV-2Nsp15-H234A).
- 细胞系中的体外和体外复制试验和一个仓鼠模型.
- 转录组分析以评估宿主基因表达.
- 报告测试测量IFN-β和NF-κB激活.
- 用STING抑制剂进行治疗.
主要成果:
- 与野生型的SARS-CoV-2相比,Nsp15-H234A突变显示IFN响应细胞的复制显著减少.
- 感染突变病毒导致先天免疫基因的上调,包括cGAS-STING.
- 发现SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15抑制了cGAS-STING介导的免疫信号传递,并降低了cGAS和STING的表达.
- 突变病毒在仓鼠模型中表现出减弱的复制和增强的免疫反应.
结论:
- 通过向宿主cGAS-STING通路,SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15充当了一种强大的先天免疫对抗剂.
- Nsp15的内啡核糖酶活性对其免疫逃避功能至关重要.
- 准NSP15或cGAS-STING通路可能是对抗SARS-CoV-2的治疗策略.
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