牛奶稳定性根据哺乳期和遗传组的不同而有所变化
Bruna Schmitz1, Olmar Antônio Denardin Costa2, Ana Carolina Fluck3
1Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
The Journal of dairy research
|September 16, 2024
概括
由于酸度和离子,在早期和晚期的哺乳期,牛奶乙醇的稳定性较低. 与泽西和跨乳阶段的杂交相比,霍尔斯坦牛通常表现出更好的牛奶稳定性.
科学领域:
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 动物科学动物科学
- 食品化学 食品化学
背景情况:
- 牛奶乙醇稳定性 (MES) 是牛奶加工的关键功能特征.
- 酸度和离子 (iCa) 是已知的影响MES的因素.
- 哺乳期和遗传组可以影响牛奶的成分和功能性质.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估乳乙醇稳定性 (MES),酸度和离子 (iCa),与哺乳期相关.
- 为了在不同的遗传群体中比较这些功能性质:泽西,霍尔斯坦和杂交牛.
- 为了测试早期和晚期哺乳期由于高酸度和iCa.表现出低MES的假设.
主要方法:
- 从巴西五个农场的591头牛 (泽西,霍尔斯坦,泽西 × 霍尔斯坦) 收集了原奶样本.
- 分析了牛奶的成分,体细胞计数 (SCC),牛奶尿素 (MUN),MES,pH,酸度和iCa.
- 牛奶中的日子 (DIM) 被分为四个阶段:1-60,61-150,151-305和>305 DIM.
- 用差异分析和混合模型方法分析数据,考虑固定和随机效应.
主要成果:
- 在DIM类和MES,酸度和iCa的基因组之间发现了显著的相互作用.
- 荷尔斯泰因牛奶通常比泽西和杂交品种的MES更高,特别是在哺乳期的开始和结束时.
- 与泽西相比,荷尔斯坦和杂交牛奶在哺乳期开始时的酸度较高,但在晚些时候较低.
- 离子在荷尔斯坦州的哺乳期后峰值达到峰值,但在泽西和杂交品种的哺乳期内保持稳定.
结论:
- 牛奶的功能特征,包括MES,iCa和酸度,都受乳房阶段和遗传群体的影响.
- 早期和晚期的哺乳期对牛奶的稳定性构成挑战,特别是在泽西和杂交牛中.
- 考虑到哺乳期的遗传选择和管理策略可能是必要的,以优化牛奶质量和加工效率.
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