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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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重新定位化疗诱导的外围神经病变分级

Roser Velasco1, Andreas A Argyriou2, David R Cornblath3

  • 1Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Institut Català Oncologia, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

European journal of neurology
|September 16, 2024
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

化疗诱导的周围神经病变 (CIPN) 的评估是复杂的,因为患者和医生的观点不同. 这项研究根据损伤严重程度确定了三个患者子组,有助于更准确的CIPN评估.

关键词:
化学疗法 化疗 化疗化疗诱导的外周神经病变神经毒性的作用.测量患者报告的结果.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 在瘤学瘤学.
  • 临床药理学 临床药理学

背景情况:

  • 化疗诱导的周围神经病变 (CIPN) 在临床实践中存在挑战,原因是患者报告的症状和医生评估之间的差异.
  • 目前对CIPN评估的建议涉及将临床评估与患者报告的结果相结合,这可能很难有效实施.

研究的目的:

  • 在CIPN中弥合患者感知与客观神经障碍之间的差距.
  • 调整患者和医生对CIPN严重性的看法,以改善治疗决策.

主要方法:

  • 从两个前性研究中汇集了来自372名已建立CIPN的受试者的数据.
  • 使用NCI-CTCAE,TNSc和EORTC QLQ-CIPN20进行患者和医生的观点评估.
  • 采用分层集群分析 (k-means) 和分辨功能分析来识别神经毒性严重性模式.

主要成果:

  • 在NCI-CTCAE/TNSc和QLQ-CIPN20分数之间的严重程度等级分布中观察到显著差异,有一些重叠.
  • 确定了三种不同的CIPN严重程度集群:严重,中等和轻度受损.
  • 在人口统计学,癌症类型或药物类别方面没有发现跨集群的显著差异.

结论:

  • 在患者和医生之间的CIPN感知中确认了异质性.
  • 根据使用TNSc和QLQ-CIPN20得分的CIPN损伤,确定了三个明确的患者子组.
  • 一个用于个人患者分类的衍生计算器工具需要对精细的CIPN评估进行前性验证.