人类皮层发育的区域模式与潜在的神经生物学相关
Leon D Lotter1,2,3, Amin Saberi4,5,6, Justine Y Hansen7
1Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. l.lotter@fz-juelich.de.
Nature communications
|September 16, 2024
概括
人类大脑的发育和衰老遵循分子和细胞模式. 特定的神经递质和细胞类型解释了整个生命周期内皮质厚度的显著变化.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
背景情况:
- 人类大脑形态在一生中发生显著的变化.
- 规范模型跟踪大脑发育,但生物机制仍然不太了解.
- 了解这些机制对于理解大脑发育和衰老至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类皮层厚度发展和衰老的分子和细胞基础.
- 将人口级大脑组织模式与个体发展轨迹联系起来.
- 将神经生物学地图集与规范建模相结合,以更深入地了解大脑变化.
主要方法:
- 利用规范建模和人口神经成像数据.
- 分析了分子和细胞特征 (例如受体,神经元,细胞质,代谢物) 的整个皮层的空间分布.
- 用超过8000名青少年的纵向数据验证了这些发现.
主要成果:
- 儿童/青少年皮层厚度轨迹与多巴胺基受体,抑制神经元,质细胞和代谢特征相关 (解释高达50%的差异).
- 成年人皮层厚度的变化与胆固醇和谷氨酸神经递质系统有关.
- 发育基因表达轨迹支持这些关系.
- 模型解释了多达59%的队列水平和18%的单个受试者的发育变化.
结论:
- 人类大脑的发育和衰老轨迹是按照分子和细胞模式组织的.
- 神经递质系统和细胞群体在整个生命周期中塑造皮质厚度方面发挥着关键作用.
- 将神经生物学地图集与规范建模相结合,为研究人类大脑发育和衰老提供了一种强有力的方法.
相关概念视频
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II
1.6K
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
1.6K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
444
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
444
Cerebral Hemispheres
307
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
307
Organization of the Brain
747
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
747
Biological Influences on Intelligence
83
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
83
Neurulation
41.8K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
41.8K


