拉丁裔封闭区和医疗保健的可访问性:在五个州进行的生态研究
Alice Guan1, Salma Shariff-Marco1,2, Kevin A Henry3,4
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Journal of general internal medicine
|September 16, 2024
概括
拉丁裔的封闭区面临着结构性的劣势,影响了医疗保健的获取. 需要采取干预措施来改善获取机会,特别是在较贫穷的社区,以获得公平的健康结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 城市规划 城市规划
背景情况:
- 西班牙裔或拉丁裔人口 (拉丁裔) 是美国日益增长的人口,面临着健康不平等.
- 了解拉丁美洲人分离区的医疗保健可访问性是非常重要的,因为它们的住宅模式.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述拉丁人飞地社区的社区社会和建筑环境属性.
- 评价拉丁人分离区和地理位置的医疗保健可访问性之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 在美国五个州 (2000年和2010年) 进行了大约2万个人口普查区的横截面生态分析.
- 拉丁裔特区以拉丁裔居民的百分比,外国出生的拉丁裔,英语水平有限的西班牙语说者和语言孤立的家庭来定义.
- 地理医疗保健的可访问性,以初级保健医生的供应和在驾驶距离内的人口需求来衡量.
主要成果:
- 约30%的社区被归类为拉丁裔飞地,在2000年至2010年之间稳定性很高.
- 拉丁裔人群群体表现出更多的结构性劣势:更高的贫困,无保险率,拥挤的住房和犯罪.
- 更大的社区文化特色与更低的医疗保健可访问性相关,特别是在高贫困地区.
结论:
- 拉丁裔封闭区与非封闭区相比,具有显著的结构性劣势.
- 干预措施是必要的,以提高医疗保健在社会经济弱势的拉丁人分区的可访问性.
- 解决社会和结构因素的多方面的方法对于拉丁裔人口平等获得医疗保健至关重要.
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