通过非大米主导的作物模式,印度的地下水可持续性
Swarup Dangar1, Vimal Mishra1,2
1Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
PNAS nexus
|September 17, 2024
概括
改变印度的作物模式可以显著改善地下水的可持续性. 改变以大米为主导的系统可以节省大量的地下水,特别是在未来的变暖下,确保水安全.
科学领域:
- 水文学的水文学
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 气候变化科学 气候变化科学
背景情况:
- 过度利用地下水用于灌,导致印度北部的地下水迅速枯竭,威胁到粮食和水的安全.
- 在气候变暖下,改变作物作物模式对地下水储量的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究改变北印度地下水可持续性的作物模式的潜力.
- 在观察和预测的气候条件下,从优化作物切换场景中量化地下水节约.
主要方法:
- 利用卫星和基于模型的估计来评估从2002年到2022年的地下水枯竭情况.
- 开发了优化的作物切换场景,考虑营养需求,农民利和作物生产.
- 根据当前和预计的未来气候场景 (1.5-3°C变暖) 分析了地下水节约.
主要成果:
- 北印度在2002-2022年间失去了大约336-297立方公里的地下水.
- 在观察到的气候条件下,作物切换场景 (CSI和CSII) 可以节省45-91立方公里的地下水.
- 取代37%的面积 (CSII) 可以在未来的变暖下恢复61-108立方公里的地下水.
结论:
- 改变目前以大米为主导的作物系统,为印度北部的地下水可持续性提供了可行的解决方案.
- 农作物转换在当前和预计的未来变暖气候下提供了大量的地下水节约.
- 在气候变暖下,在长时间的干旱期间,为地下水转换作物的好处会得到放大.
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