在中国全国范围的Omicron波之后,SARS-CoV-2免疫反应的异质性
Jing Wu1,2, Mingzheng Jiang1,2, Jiwei Li1,2
1Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Microbiology spectrum
|September 17, 2024
概括
奥米克朗突破性感染显著增加了中和抗体和粘膜IgA,比疫苗接种更多. 重复接种疫苗显示影响有限,但高风险群体可能从持续的COVID-19免疫接种中受益.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 了解对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron变异的异质免疫反应至关重要,特别是在具有不同感染和疫苗接种历史的多样化人群中.
- 以前的感染 (三角洲) 和接种疫苗会影响免疫力,但它们对Omicron变种反应的具体影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 评估在中国不同人群中对Omicron及其变体的血清中和抗体 (nAb) 和粘膜IgA水平.
- 为了比较突破性感染和疫苗接种后的免疫反应.
- 评估感染和疫苗接种对幽默免疫的长期影响.
主要方法:
- 基于膀性口腔炎病毒的伪病毒中和试验测量nAbs对抗Omicron (B.1.1.529) 和变种 (BA.5,BF.7,CH1.1).
- 在COVID-19康复者和接种疫苗的血清nAbs和鼻粘膜IgA的分析.
- 沿线对Delta康复患者的随访.
主要成果:
- 与疫苗接种相比,突破性的Omicron感染显著增加了血清nAbs和粘膜IgA的范围和数量.
- 对Omicron的暴露引起的泛Omicron反应比对Delta的暴露更强烈.
- 虽然nAbs在Omicron住院患者中随着疫苗接种剂量增加,但第四剂量在接种疫苗或康复者中没有进一步增加nAbs.
- 与野生型的SARS-CoV-2相比,对Omicron变种的nAbs表现出更长的持久性.
结论:
- 奥米克朗突破性感染诱导了比单独接种疫苗更强大和更广泛的幽默免疫力.
- 虽然重复接种疫苗对nAb水平的影响有限,但持续免疫可能仍然有利于高风险人群.
- 免疫反应是变异特异性的,Omicron引发了独特的保护作用.
相关概念视频
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01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
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NK Cells
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