极端高温,功能障碍和社会隔离:老年人之间的风险差异
Hyunjung Ji1, Su Hyun Shin2, Alexandria Coronado1
1Department of Political Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
概括
极端的高温会使老年人的功能障碍恶化,尤其是那些社会上孤立的人. 社会联系可以减轻日常生活活动中与热量相关的这种下降.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 极端高温对弱势群体造成重大健康风险.
- 老年人的功能障碍是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题.
- 社会孤立加剧了老年人的健康脆弱性.
研究的目的:
- 调查极端高温暴露与老年人功能障碍进展之间的关联.
- 检查社会隔离对与炎热有关的残疾的缓解作用.
- 识别可能减轻与热有关的功能衰退的保护因素.
主要方法:
- 从健康和退休研究 (1996-2018) 中分析了超过35,000名老年人 (50岁以上) 的纵向数据.
- 统计建模以评估极端热暴露频率与日常生活工具活动变化之间的关系 (IADL) 困难.
- 检查社会因素 (独自生活,就业状况,与孩子的接触,朋友的支持) 作为潜在的调节者.
主要成果:
- 随着时间的推移,暴露于极端高温的增加显着与更多的IADL困难有关.
- 这种与热量相关的残疾进展在独居且没有工作的老年人中更为明显.
- 与孩子保持联系,并从朋友那里获得强有力的支持,可以减少极端炎热期间IADL残疾进展的风险.
结论:
- 极端的高温会加剧老年人的功能障碍,特别是那些经历过社会隔离的人.
- 社会支持网络,包括与家人和朋友的联系,是防止与热有关的功能衰退的关键保护因素.
- 干预措施应侧重于加强老年人的社会支持系统,以减轻极端高温的不利影响.
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