限制对环境政策的支持:不公平是比成本和无效性更重要的障碍
1Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Haraldsgatan 1, 413 14, Göteborg, Sweden. magnus.bergquist@psy.gu.se.
Ambio
|September 17, 2024
概括
被认为不公平,而不是成本或无效,是支持环境税的主要障碍. 不公平的税收政策降低了人们对政策制定者的有效性和信任.
科学领域:
- 环境政策 环境政策
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 公众的意见 公众的意见
背景情况:
- 公共支持对于实施环境税至关重要.
- 了解这种支持的障碍对于有效的政策设计至关重要.
- 虽然考虑了成本和有效性,但不太了解公平性的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查所感知的不公平,高成本和无效性在多大程度上限制了对环境税的公共支持.
- 为了比较这三个因素对环境税支持的相对影响.
- 探索被认为不公平的税收效率和对政策制定者的信任的后果.
主要方法:
- 为了测试假设,进行了四项实验.
- 参与者评估了对各种环境税 (肉类,塑料,碳) 的支持.
- 进行了跨文化比较 (美国,英国,印度) 与美国代表性样本.
主要成果:
- 被认为不公平的行为始终成为环境税收支持的更大障碍,而不是高成本或无效.
- 分配不公平是比程序不公平更重要的障碍.
- 暴露于不公平的税收提案下降了税收效率的感知,并降低了对决策者的信任.
结论:
- 公平是影响公众支持环境税的最关键因素.
- 政策设计必须优先考虑公平,以提高公众的接受和信任.
- 解决关于公平性的担忧是克服环境税收障碍的关键.
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