在自闭症学龄前儿童中,中枢前额叶皮层的赫斯特指数的变化发展
Annika C Linke1, Bosi Chen2, Lindsay Olson3
1Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California; Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
|September 18, 2024
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 在发育过程中表现出脑中中介前额叶皮层 (vmPFC) 的早期脑刺激/抑制 (E/I) 失衡. 这会影响幼儿的默认模式网络 (DMN) 和情绪控制.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 脑部成像 脑部成像
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 与非典型的大脑刺激/抑制 (E/I) 平衡有关.
- 腹中前额叶皮质 (vmPFC) 是默认模式网络 (DMN) 的一部分,对于社会认知和情绪调节至关重要.
- 之前的研究表明,ASD成年人的vmPFC功能发生变化.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 在患有自闭症的幼儿中研究vmPFC E/I比率的早期发育轨迹.
- 检查vmPFC E/I比率,DMN功能连接和幼儿时代情绪控制之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 作为纵向研究的一部分,利用自然睡眠fMRI对83名儿童 (45名患有自闭症),年龄为1.5-5岁.
- 使用休息状态fMRI数据的赫斯特指数 (H) 估计的E/I比率.
- 分析了横截面和纵向数据,控制了诸如妊娠年龄,社会经济地位和种族等共变量.
主要成果:
- 在ASD儿童中,vmPFC H随着年龄的增长而下降,表明E/I比率增加,但在典型发育的儿童中并非如此.
- 这种与年龄相关的vmPFC H的减少在横截面和纵向观察到.
- 较低的vmPFC H与减少的DMN功能连接性和增加的情绪控制缺陷相关.
结论:
- 表明在ASD中vmPFC的E / I不平衡的早期发作,从幼儿时期和学龄前开始.
- 这些早期的E/I变化可能会影响DMN的成熟.
- 研究结果强调vmPFC是ASD相关神经发育轨迹的潜在早期生物标志物.
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