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相关概念视频

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

470
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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对于中央耐受性诱导的抗原呈现.

Ludger Klein1, Elisabetta Petrozziello2

  • 1Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. ludger.klein@med.lmu.de.

Nature reviews. Immunology
|September 18, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

中央T细胞的耐受性依赖于表达多种自我抗原的胸膜抗原呈现细胞 (APC). 最近的发现突出了胸膜细胞的适应,这些适应增强了自我抗原呈现,从而有效地诱导了耐受性.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • T细胞生物学T细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 中央T细胞的耐受性对于预防自身免疫性至关重要.
  • 发育中的T细胞在甲状腺中遇到的自我抗原的多样性决定了耐受性水平.
  • 胸腺内的抗原呈现细胞 (APC) 在这个过程中发挥着关键作用.

研究的目的:

  • 在过去的十年中,回顾胸膜抗原呈现细胞 (APC) 的功能性适应.
  • 了解这些适应如何促进中央T细胞耐受性诱导.
  • 探索胸膜微环境和自我抗原呈现在定义"自我"中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 审查最近的科学文献,重点关注胸膜层细胞和APC.
  • 对细胞特征和参与抗原呈现的功能机制的分析.
  • 检查胸膜微环境对自身抗原可见性的影响.

主要成果:

  • 骨髓甲状腺上皮细胞,甲状腺树突细胞和甲状腺B细胞表现出针对耐受性的特殊适应.
  • 这些适应包括杂乱的基因表达,外围细胞类型的模仿和战略定位.
  • 在这些APC中,对内源和外源抗原池的获取方式各不相同.
  • "调性"炎症信号可以扩大自我抗原的范围,包括来自免疫外围环境的自我抗原.

结论:

  • 胸膜APC的功能性适应显著增强了呈现给发育中的T细胞的自我抗原的多样性.
  • 这些适应对于建立强大的中央T细胞耐受性至关重要.
  • 胸膜微环境,包括炎症信号,积极塑造公认的"自我"抗原的剧目.