热门的自行车头盔有多好地保护不同类型的头部受伤?
C E Baker1, X Yu2,3, B Lovell2
1HEAD Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. c.baker17@imperial.ac.uk.
Annals of biomedical engineering
|September 18, 2024
概括
现代自行车头盔在防止头部受伤方面表现出显著的差异. 旋转力带来更高的风险,虽然MIPS技术有所帮助,但它却有所帮助.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动工程 运动工程
- 创伤研究 创伤研究
背景情况:
- 自行车头盔主要针对头骨骨折和焦点脑损伤,人们对分散脑损伤 (DBI) 的保护知之甚少.
- 在现实世界中,骑自行车的头部受伤包括焦点和扩散的脑损伤,需要更广泛地了解头盔的有效性.
- 当前的头盔标准可能无法完全保护所有类型的伤害,特别是DBI.
研究的目的:
- 评估现代自行车头盔在模拟真实撞击条件下对骨骨折和扩散脑损伤的保护性能.
- 调查头盔技术 (例如MIPS),价格和质量的对保护线性和旋转头部伤害的影响.
- 评估英国流行自行车车型中头盔安全性的变化.
主要方法:
- 测试了30个英国流行自行车头盔,使用模拟人类头部特性的新型头型.
- 在四个位置 (前,后,侧,前侧) 在45度杆上以6.5米/秒的速度进行了冲击.
- 测量的主要指标包括峰值线性加速 (PLA),峰值旋转加速 (PRA),峰值旋转速度 (PRV) 和脑损伤标准 (BrIC);计算了线性,旋转和整体头部损伤的风险.
主要成果:
- 观察到头部动力学的显著差异,最佳和最差的头盔之间的整体受伤风险因子为2.25.
- 旋转风险显示出最大的变化 (4.21比),而线性风险变化为1.76.
- MIPS (多向冲击保护系统) 技术减少了旋转动力学,但不能减少线性动力学;它的存在不能保证最高性能. 头盔的价格对受伤风险没有显著影响,但较高的质量与线性风险增加相关.
结论:
- 现代自行车头盔的性能差距很大,特别是在防止扩散性脑损伤方面.
- 整体评估方法,包括线性和旋转伤害指标,对于头盔设计和测试至关重要.
- 消费者需要更清楚的头盔安全性能信息,以便做出明智的购买决策.
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