成年人的低识字能力在很大程度上可以通过基本的语言和域一般预测因素来解释
Réka Vágvölgyi1, Moritz Sahlender2, Hannes Schröter2,3
1Cognitive and Developmental Psychology Unit, Centre for Cognitive Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Frontiers in psychology
|September 19, 2024
概括
识字能力较低的成年人由于潜在的语言和认知因素,难以理解复杂的文本. 干预措施应针对文字阅读和书面和口头理解,以获得更好的结果.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 数以百万计的成年人拥有正规教育,但表现出较低的识字能力,难以理解复杂的文本.
- 尽管已有几十年的认识,但成年人阅读理解能力不佳的确切原因和预测因素仍未得到充分探索.
- 以前的研究通常集中在不透明的拼写,需要对透明的拼写进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 识别成年人低标准复杂文本阅读的语言,域一般和数值预测因素.
- 调查导致低识字能力的因素,特别关注阅读理解缺陷.
- 了解成年人低素养的核心症状.
主要方法:
- 评估的德语成年人,使用透明的拼写,被确定为面临复杂文本阅读缺陷的风险.
- 评估语言变量,包括单词/伪词阅读和口头语义/语法理解.
- 包括总域因素,如工作记忆和年龄作为潜在的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 语言变量 (单词/伪词阅读,口语理解) 和工作记忆显著预测了较低的文本理解.
- 年龄也被确定为复杂文本阅读性能下降的预测因素.
- 综合因素解释了复杂文本阅读缺陷差异的73%.
结论:
- 复杂文本阅读的缺陷在很大程度上归因于潜在的语言和域一般因素.
- 对于文盲程度较低的成年人,干预措施应优先考虑文字阅读和书面和口头理解技能.
- 解决这些核心领域可以改善阅读理解和减轻低识字问题.
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