生物害虫监管可以从各种掠食模式中受益
Deyatima Ghosh1, Amaël Borzée1,2
1Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China.
Royal Society open science
|September 19, 2024
概括
使用自然捕食者的生物害虫管制为杀虫剂提供了一个可持续的替代方案. 了解像两动物和爬行动物的各种捕食者食行为,可以优化害虫控制策略,以获得生态效益.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物学 动物学
背景情况:
- 增加农业强度需要除了农药之外的可持续的害虫控制方法.
- 生物害虫监管,依赖于自然捕食者,是一个有希望的环保替代方案.
- 了解捕食者食行为是提高生物害虫控制效率的关键.
研究的目的:
- 探索各种捕食者食模式对它们在控制农作物害虫方面的效率的影响.
- 突出两动物和爬行动物作为研究生物害虫控制中的食策略的模型生物.
- 建议将寻行为知识纳入害虫管理策略.
主要方法:
- 审查和讨论不同食模式 (伏击与主动食) 对捕食者的影响.
- 分析能量消耗,运动,认知和暗示依赖的变化如何影响害虫监管.
- 检查诸如捕食者风险,竞争和猎物的突出性等因素在食的背景下.
主要成果:
- 像两动物和爬行动物这样的捕食者的不同食风格显著影响了它们作为害虫监管者的有效性.
- 特定的食特征影响了捕食者与猎物的相互作用以及与害虫控制相关的能量动态.
- 该研究确定了可以用于有针对性的害虫管理的关键行为差异.
结论:
- 综合捕食者食模式的知识,为害虫管理提供了一个有针对性的,经济可行的和生态合理的方法.
- 两动物和爬行动物展示了脊椎动物捕食者在可持续的害虫监管中的潜力.
- 根据捕食者食特征调整害虫管理策略对于应对现代农业挑战至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.1K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.1K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
21.9K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
21.9K
00:58Symbiosis
27.5K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
27.5K
02:40Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores
13.0K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
13.0K
01:46Types of Selection
40.3K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
40.3K