登革热诊断,风险分层和治疗方法
Paul Witte1, Stefan Venturini, Helene Meyer
1Multidisciplinary Emergency Center, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland; General Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland; University Center for Primary Care Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
登革热是一种由蚊子传播的疾病,在全球范围内正在增加. 虽然通常是轻微的,但严重的病例需要及时的症状治疗,以防止并发症. 疫苗接种和避免蚊子咬是关键的预防措施.
科学领域:
- 热带医学 热带医学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 登革热是热带和亚热带地区广泛传播的传染病,每年有超过1亿例症状病例.
- 艾迪斯蚊子 (Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopticus) 是主要的载体,它们不断扩大的范围有助于全球发病率的上升.
- 欧洲医生越来越多地遇到登革热病例.
研究的目的:
- 审查登革热的流行病学,临床表现,诊断,治疗和预防.
- 根据国际指导方针和国家建议,提供当前管理策略的概述.
主要方法:
- 在国际出版物数据库中进行选择性的文献搜索.
- 包括2009年世界卫生组织 (WHO) 准则.
- 纳入罗伯特·科赫研究所目前的建议.
主要成果:
- 超过90%的登革热病例出现轻微症状;严重的登革热,包括冲击或粘膜出血,很少见,死亡率为1-5%.
- 这种疾病通常有三个阶段:发烧期,关键期和恢复期.
- 通过直接检测病原体 (例如,逆转录酶聚合酶连锁反应[RT-PCR]) 或血清学来实现诊断. 治疗是有症状的,重点是补充液体和输血血液产品用于出血. 预防包括接种疫苗后初始感染和避免蚊子咬.
结论:
- 气候变化和全球旅行正在推动全球登革热病例的增加.
- 严重的登革热并不常见,但迅速的症状治疗对于管理并发症至关重要.
- 预防策略,包括疫苗接种和蚊子控制,对于减轻登革热影响至关重要.
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