美国犯罪受害者的防御性枪支使用水平和变化,1987年至2021年
David McDowall1, Brian Wiersema1, Colin Loftin1
1David McDowall and Colin Loftin are with the School of Criminal Justice and the Violence Research Group, University at Albany‒State University of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY. Brian Wiersema is with the Violence Research Group, University at Albany‒SUNY. Richard McCleary is with the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine.
American journal of public health
|September 19, 2024
概括
在美国,犯罪受害者的防御性枪支使用在过去35年中保持不频繁和稳定. 这些发现表明,关于广泛拥有枪支的好处的说法可能被夸大了.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 了解防御性枪支使用 (DGU) 的频率对于评估枪支政策至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经产生了对DGU的不同估计,需要更新分析.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国犯罪受害者使用防御性枪支频率的趋势.
- 为了比较不同类型的犯罪 (个人与家庭) 的DGU率.
主要方法:
- 使用了美国司法局统计局国家犯罪受害者调查 (NCVS) 的数据.
- 在1987-1990,1993-2005,2007-2015以及2016-2021年期间,计算出国家一级的枪支防御数量.
- 定义枪支防御为受害者使用枪支威胁或攻击罪犯.
主要成果:
- 平均每年的DGU在所有犯罪类型的61,000到65,000事件之间.
- 个人 (暴力) 事件每年占38,000-53,000,而家庭 (财产) 事件每年为12,000-23,000.
- 在35年的研究期间,DGU仍然相对较低,并且保持不变.
结论:
- 美国犯罪受害者的防御性枪支使用是罕见的,并且随着时间的推移没有显著变化.
- 该研究的结果挑战了广泛拥有枪支的观点,即广泛拥有枪支提供了巨大的保护性益处.
- DGU的相对罕见性表明,需要对有关枪支患病率的公共卫生声明进行批判性评估.
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