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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

336
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
336
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

257
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
257
Language Development01:22

Language Development

327
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
327
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

314
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
314
Constraints and Statical Determinacy01:26

Constraints and Statical Determinacy

585
In structural engineering, the equilibrium of a system is not only determined by its equations of equilibrium but also with the help of constraints. Constraints refer to restrictions on the motion of a system. The proper combinations of constraints can minimize the total number of constraints needed to maintain a system in mechanical equilibrium. When this happens, the system is said to be statically determinate. For such systems, the unknown reaction supports can be estimated using equilibrium...
585
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

770
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
770

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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在第二语言说话者中,词法特定的语法限制.

Mariana Vega-Mendoza1,2, Iva Ivanova3, Janet F McLean4

  • 1Psychology, Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.

Journal of memory and language
|September 20, 2024
PubMed
概括

第二语言 (L2) 英语发言者通过英语中的统计学习来学习动词语法,而不是从他们的第一语言 (L1) 中概括. 这适用于抽象结构和词汇特定信息.

关键词:
在L2处理过程中,结构原料是结构原料.语法限制 语法限制非语法性的句子

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科学领域:

  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 获得第二语言的学习.
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学

背景情况:

  • 了解第二语言 (L2) 讲者如何获得复杂的语法结构对于语言学习理论至关重要.
  • 调查第一语言 (L1) 通用化与L2统计学习在L2语法开发中的作用.

研究的目的:

  • 为了检查高度熟练,沉浸的L2英语说话者如何代表英语动词的词汇特定的语法限制.
  • 区分L1概括和L2统计学习作为获取语法知识的机制.

主要方法:

  • 两项结构性原始化实验与L2英语使用者 (德语和罗曼语L1) 进行.
  • 参与者被启动以产生不常见的双对象结构与非交替的dative动词.
  • 分析了基于prime类型 (非语法与语法) 和动词属性的原始化效应.

主要成果:

  • 讲L2的人显示了支持英语 (L2) 中抽象统计学学习的原始化效应.
  • 在讲德语的人与讲德语的人之间没有观察到任何显著的差异. 浪漫的L1s,与L1概括预测相矛盾.
  • 一个"词汇提升"效应表明,从词汇特定的数组中获得更强的初始化,这表明了词汇驱动的学习.

结论:

  • 高度熟练的L2说话者的语法表达主要是由L2内的统计学习塑造的,包括抽象的和词汇特定的模式.
  • 来自L1的概括似乎不是获得这些L2语言使用者的词汇特定语法限制的重要因素.
  • 研究结果强调了L2内部统计学习在发展细微的语法知识方面的力量.