从消费到环境:在加纳的各种社会生态系统中评估贫困和不平等
Alicia C Cavanaugh1, Honor R Bixby2, Saeesh Mangwani3
1Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
概括
加纳的社会生态系统 (SES) 显示,贫困和不平等是特定于环境的. 货币消费是一个有限的幸福指标,特别是在较不发达地区.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 环境研究 环境研究
- 发展研究 发展研究 研究
背景情况:
- 贫困和不平等受到当地社会和生态环境的影响,影响生计,基础设施和资源.
- 现有的贫困和不平等指标指导政策,但不充分探索与当地生态环境的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 实证地研究加纳社会生态系统 (SES) 和人类福祉措施之间的关系.
- 评估货币消费作为各种SES环境中的幸福指标的有效性.
- 在不同类型的SES中分析各种指标的不平等.
主要方法:
- 利用来自100%加纳人口普查的新型数据集,对贫困和不平等进行细度分析.
- 采用社会生态系统 (SES) 镜头来分类加纳内的环境.
- 检查了不同SES类型的福祉,消费和不平等的变化.
主要成果:
- 福利分配在SES类型之间差异很大,不同于政治区域边界.
- 幸福感的提高与消费相关,但在较不发达的SES环境 (如牧场,野地) 中,这种联系较弱.
- 消费不平等是一致的,但随着人口密度和基础设施的减少,住房,水和卫生方面的不平等增加了.
结论:
- 社会生态系统 (SES) 类型代表着不同的背景,需要针对性地应对减轻贫困和不平等的方法.
- 发展政策应该更好地纳入不同SES环境所带来的独特挑战.
- 仅仅是货币消费是理解各种社会和生态环境中福祉的不足指标.
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