根据新的欧盟非饮用水再利用法规,使用多障碍处理列车确保回收水的质量
Johannes Ho1, Javad Ahmadi2, Carolin Schweikart1
1TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Straße 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany.
Water research
|September 20, 2024
概括
先进的水处理列车有效地满足欧盟新的非饮用水再利用法规,而不是单纯的过和紫外线消毒. 陶超和臭氧化显著改善了病原体的去除,以获得安全的水资源.
科学领域:
- 环境工程环境工程
- 水资源回收技术的使用.
- 微生物水质 微生物水质
背景情况:
- 欧盟对非饮用水的再利用提出了2020/741号法规,制定了新的微生物标准.
- 废水废水质量可能有所不同,这给满足严格的再利用要求带来了挑战.
- 现有的处理列车可能无法始终达到所需的病原体无活化水平.
研究的目的:
- 根据新的欧盟非饮用水再利用法规2020/741对试点级处理列车进行评估.
- 为了比较一个参考处理列车 (过,紫外线) 与一个先进的列车 (UF,臭氧化,BAC,紫外线).
- 确定有效的策略,用于微生物污染物在水资源回收的去除.
主要方法:
- 两个试点级处理列车 (A:过+UV;B:陶UF+臭氧化+BAC+UV) 进行了测试.
- 来自德国施韦恩福特的未经消毒的二次废水作为料水.
- 使用蒙特卡洛模拟来评估病原体去除效率和符合欧盟标准.
主要成果:
- 参考列车 (A) 由于水质 (透射率) 的变化,未能满足标准紫外线剂量的欧盟微生物要求.
- 先进列车 (B) 成功满足了所有欧盟病原体减少要求,达到低于检测限值的水平.
- 列车B中的陶超 (UF) 提高了下游工艺的效率和整体病原体的去除,尽管它对于满足欧盟的基本要求并非必不可少.
结论:
- 需要先进的处理列车,特别是包括UF和臭氧化的列车,以始终满足严格的欧盟非饮用水再利用微生物标准.
- 紫外线消毒的操作参数需要更清晰的规范,以确保可靠的病原体失活.
- 生物活性炭 (BAC) 过需要最后的消毒步骤来控制细菌的再生;建议使用多个病毒代用物 (MS2, PhiX174) 进行验证.
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