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相关概念视频

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

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Overview
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
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科登使用偏见:影响VGLUT发育表达和蛋白质进化的潜在因素

Yiran Zhao1, Yu Zhang1, Jiaxing Feng1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Yunlong District, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu, 221000, China.

Molecular neurobiology
|September 21, 2024
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概括

的使用偏好影响了膀性谷氨酸转运体 (VGLUT) 的进化. 更大的偏好与VGLUT的功能重要性较低,表达变化和独特的进化路径相关.

关键词:
VGLUT; Codon使用偏见; 进化; 发展表达式.

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 遗传学是一种遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 同义替代和代号使用偏好在基因表达,蛋白质结构和功能中发挥作用.
  • 膀型谷氨酸转运体 (VGLUT) 有三种异型,其中VGLUT3在功能,表达和分布上与其他异型相比具有显著差异.
  • 这些VGLUT异型差异背后的进化驱动因素在很大程度上仍然无法解释.

研究的目的:

  • 调查子使用偏好在三种VGLUT异型的进化差异化中的作用.
  • 分析代码的使用模式如何影响VGLUT的功能重要性,表达水平和分布.

主要方法:

  • 在各种物种中对VGLUT编码序列的生物信息分析.
  • 在VGLUT异型中对子使用模式的比较分析.
  • 功能重要性,表达数据,基因结构,蛋白相互作用网络,发育表达和家族遗传学分析的整合.

主要成果:

  • 在VGLUT中,更高的密码子使用偏好与功能重要性降低和表达水平降低有关.
  • 具有较大的编码子偏好的VGLUT显示出更大的外周分布 (在中枢神经系统之外).
  • 增加的编码子偏好与更简单的基因结构,更少保存的miRNA调节位,更不复杂的蛋白质相互作用网络,延迟的发育表达和更遥远的进化关系相关.

结论:

  • 的使用偏好是影响VGLUTs进化轨迹的重要因素.
  • 子偏差可能会影响VGLUT的发育表达和蛋白质进化,从而导致异型分歧.