空间补贴对集体养乳牛犊活动模式的影响
M B Ugarte Marin1, K N Gingerich1, J Wang1
1Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
JDS communications
|September 23, 2024
概括
增加乳牛的空间可以促进更频繁,更短的站立时间,并减少活动中的个体变化. 这表明,在有更多空间的小组养小牛中,行为同步和福利得到了改善.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 动物福利 动物福利
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
背景情况:
- 社会住房越来越多地用于奶牛,需要对影响它们行为和福利的管理实践进行研究.
- 养空间是关键的环境因素,可以影响活动模式和空间利用在集体养的小牛.
研究的目的:
- 评估不同场空间额度对荷尔斯泰因母牛犊活动模式和场空间使用的影响.
- 为了确定不同的空间分配如何影响行为同步和小牛活动的个体变化.
主要方法:
- 荷尔斯坦牛犊被分组安置,并以复制的拉丁方形设计暴露在三个空间额外 (3.7,4.6和5.6m2/小牛) 中.
- 活动模式,包括站立时间,发作频率和持续时间,使用基于腿部的加速度计进行记录.
- 用计算机视觉生成的运动热图对笔空间利用进行了定性评估.
主要成果:
- 虽然每天站立时间没有差异,但在更大的空间中的小牛表现出更频繁,更短的站立时间.
- 增加额外的空间减少了站立行为的变化系数,并增加了站立时间的课内相关性,表明个人变化减少.
- 运动热图建议在有限的空间拨款下使用更均的笔空间,更喜欢在更大的空间中使用外围空间.
结论:
- 在集体养的奶牛犊中,允许更多的空间可以导致更频繁的更短时间的活动.
- 增加空间可能会减少个体行为变化,并促进小牛之间更同步的休息.
- 限定的空间拨款可能会限制活动模式,减少行为同步,可能会影响小牛的福利.
相关概念视频
00:55Parental Care
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
00:51Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species reproduce only once in their lifetime, often investing most available resources into that single reproductive event. Iteroparous species, by contrast, reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes, typically allocating fewer resources to any single...
01:17Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient
The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size.
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a decrease in the...
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a decrease in the...