高功能长期护理机构居民的身体功能轨迹:利用日本国家数据
Kasumi Ikuta1, Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe1, Miya Aishima1
1Department of Home Health and Palliative Care Nursing, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
在进入长期护理 (LTC) 的高功能老年人中确定身体功能轨迹 (PFT) 是至关重要的. 影响PFT的关键因素包括对活动和假牙使用的兴趣,为更好的护理计划提供信息.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 康复医学 康复医学 康复医学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 身体功能轨迹 (PFT) 是老年人死亡率和住院治疗的重要预测因素.
- 在长期护理 (LTC) 的初始阶段了解PFT对于积极的健康管理至关重要.
- 高功能老年人代表了一个独特的队列,在入住LTC设施时需要特别注意.
研究的目的:
- 识别和比较新入院的高功能老年人的身体功能轨迹 (PFT) 在日本长期护理 (LTC) 设施的前六个月内.
- 在这个人群中探索与不同PFT相关的因素.
- 为制定量身定制的护理计划和干预措施提供信息,以保持身体独立.
主要方法:
- 多中心回顾性队列研究,涉及47个日本LTC设施的718名高功能老年人 (巴瑟尔指数>60).
- 利用来自长期护理信息系统的证据 (LIFE) 的数据,用于2021年1月1日至2022年1月31日期间入院的居民.
- 采用基于组的轨迹模型和双项逻辑回归来分析物理函数变化和相关因素.
主要成果:
- 确定了四种不同的PFT:维持 (66.0%),改善 (9.5%),轻微下降 (16.6%),以及大下降 (7.9%).
- 改善组与维持组相比,对日常活动缺乏兴趣的几率明显较低 (OR 0.45).
- 与维持组相比,大衰退组在入院时BMI较低的几率更高 (OR2.42),不使用假牙的几率更低 (OR0.49).
结论:
- 进入LTC的高功能老年人的身体功能轨迹有很大的不同.
- 诸如参与日常活动,BMI和假牙使用等因素与不同的功能结果有关.
- 利用现有数据来了解PFT可以指导个性化护理策略,促进身体独立,提高LTC环境中的护理质量.
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