越多越快乐的吗? 两项在线实验研究了诱如何增加疫苗接种率
Lars Korn1, Robert Böhm2, Ana Paula Santana3
1Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine.
概括
诱效应影响了接种疫苗的决定. 提供劣质疫苗选项与首选疫苗一起增加了疫苗接种率,突出了需要谨慎的健康沟通策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 健康心理学 心理健康心理学
- 关于疫苗的决策方式
背景情况:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,疫苗选择是复杂的,对不同疫苗的看法各不相同.
- 诱效应 (decoy effect) 是一种在消费者选择中已知的诱效应,在这种诱效应中,选择对一种选项的偏好随着低级诱的添加而增加.
- 它在疫苗接种决策中的应用仍然未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查诱效应是否影响疫苗接种决策.
- 为了确定是否添加不太有利的疫苗选择会影响首选疫苗的吸收.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项在线实验:一个关于假设意图的图片研究 (N=1,268) 和一个带有激励的行为游戏 (N=1,216).
- 参与者被提供一个疫苗 (目标) 或两个疫苗 (目标+诱).
- 实验2测试了各种诱类型:克隆,增加不良事件,严重不良事件或减少有效性.
主要成果:
- 这两项实验都显示出对疫苗接种偏好有显著的诱效应.
- 在实验2中,具有更严重不良事件或更低有效性的诱增加了目标疫苗偏好和总体吸收.
- 诱选项的存在显然改变了参与者的疫苗选择.
结论:
- 诱效应是疫苗接种决策的重要因素.
- 卫生传播策略需要精心设计,因为提出多种选择可以充当评估并改变偏好.
- 了解这些影响对于公共卫生信息和疫苗推广至关重要.
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