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在深深的淡水湖中,巨型病毒的时空空间动态揭示了一个独特的暗水社区

Liwen Zhang¹, Lingjie Meng¹, Yue Fang¹

¹Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.

The ISME journal

|September 23, 2024

概括

在比瓦湖的巨型病毒 (GVs) 使用长时间读取的测序进行了探索,揭示了新的淡水物种. 这些病毒表现出明显的深度分区,并在藻类繁殖和深水生态系统中发挥关键作用.

科学领域:

环境微生物学环境微生物学
病毒学病毒学
基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

巨型病毒 (GVs) 对生态系统动态至关重要,但它们的淡水多样性在很大程度上仍未知.
以前使用短读测序的研究产生了碎片化的GV基因组,限制了生态评估.
比瓦湖是一个大型的淡水体,提供了一个独特的系统来研究微生物群落.

研究的目的:

描述淡水生态系统 (比瓦湖) 中巨型病毒的多样性和生态作用.
通过使用长读元基因组学来克服短读测序的局限性,以进行高质量的GV基因组重建.
调查GVs在不同水深的空间和时间分布.

主要方法:

基因组组装基因组重建使用Biwa湖 (2深度x12个月) 的时空样本上的长读序列.
对293个转基因组组装基因组进行分析,重点关注新型物种和遗传学分歧.
基因组完整性和连续性的评估,包括单连续基因组.

主要成果:

重建293个GV元基因组组装基因组,其中285个代表了五个核细胞病毒序列中以前未知的物种.
发现了第一个淡水米鲁病毒,显示出与海洋对应物有显著差异.
检测到42个高度完整 (完整度>90%) 的GV基因组,占总数的14.3%.
证据表明,GV物种的深度特异性划分在膜和下膜之间.
膜体GV是短暂的,与藻类繁殖有关,而膜体GV是持久的,表明在暗水生态系统中的作用.

结论:

长期阅读的元基因组学能够高质量地重建淡水GV基因组,揭示出大量未知的多样性.
淡水GVs,包括Mirusviruses,与海洋血统不同,并表现出专门的生态作用.
藻因水深而分层,影响了表面藻类的繁殖和潜在的独特的藻微生物过程.

关键词:

这种病毒是Mirusviricota.核细胞核细胞病毒深深的淡水湖泊淡水湖泊它们是巨型病毒.病毒生态学病毒生态学

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