恶性多层甲状腺瘤:胸部瘤学的被藐视的成员!
Divya Khosla1, Pawan Kumar Singh2, Bharath A Chhabria3
1Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. dr_divya_khosla@yahoo.com.
World journal of experimental medicine
|September 23, 2024
概括
恶性多层间皮瘤是一种与石棉有关的罕见癌症,具有诊断挑战. 免疫疗法显得有前途,特别是对于非表皮类型,而化疗仍然是表皮类型亚型的关键.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 恶性多层层瘤是一种来自多层内膜的侵袭性癌症,与接触石棉有很强的关联.
- 某些地区的发病率正在下降,但由于历史上的石棉使用,印度等发展中国家的发病率正在上升.
- 这种疾病具有很长的潜伏期,非特异性症状,平均存活时间为10-22个月,这使得早期诊断变得困难.
研究的目的:
- 提供恶性肺间皮瘤的全面概述,涵盖流行病学,病因学,临床表现和诊断方法.
- 审查当前和新兴的治疗策略,包括手术,化疗,免疫治疗和放射治疗.
- 突出最近的进展和临床试验结果影响患者管理.
主要方法:
- 对流行病学数据和病因因素的审查,主要是接触石棉.
- 诊断方式的分析,包括成像 (CT,MRI,PET-CT) 和组织病理学/免疫组织化学标记 (p16,BRCA1相关蛋白1,克劳丁-4) 的分析.
- 从最近的临床研究 (例如,EMPHASIS,CALGB30901,Checkmate-743) 中对化疗,免疫疗法,手术和放射治疗的治疗结果的评估.
主要成果:
- 免疫疗法组合 (nivolumab/ipilimumab) 显示出对非上皮层性间皮瘤的化学疗法比较优越的生存益处.
- -pemetrexed化疗仍然是对表皮性间皮瘤的标准治疗方法.
- 整合手术,化疗,免疫治疗和放射治疗的多学科方法对于最佳的患者结果至关重要.
结论:
- 准确的组织学亚型识别对于引导恶性多叶膜间皮瘤治疗决策至关重要.
- 最近的免疫疗法进展提供了更好的生存率和生活质量,特别是在特定的亚型.
- 多学科的方法和考虑新的治疗途径对于管理这种具有挑战性的恶性瘤至关重要.
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