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对潜水员的营养建议的审查
Rhiannon J Brenner1, Kiran A Balan1, Marie P L Andersen1,2
1Divers Alert Network, Research, Durham, NC, USA.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
|September 24, 2024
概括
休潜水员的营养指南是有限的. 目前关于能量摄入,宏观营养素分配和水分的建议已提供,但缺乏对潜水个人资料和潜水员特征的个性化.
科学领域:
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
- 营养 营养 营养 营养 营养
- 潜水医学是一门潜水医学.
背景情况:
- 水肺潜水使个人暴露在高压环境中,导致生理变化和潜在的风险,如减压疾病.
- 营养摄入量会影响炎症和氧化应激,这些因素可能会影响水族的减压压力.
- 对于和潜水员而言,现有的营养建议可能不适合娱乐潜水,因为能量需求不同.
研究的目的:
- 对休潜水员的当前营养建议进行审查.
- 发现有关营养,潜水员健康和安全的研究缺口.
主要方法:
- 这项研究采用了叙事审查方法.
- 综合了有关营养建议和潜水员生理学的现有文献.
主要成果:
- 休潜水员建议每天的能量摄入量为~170-210 kJ·kg-1,其中50%来自碳水化合物和<30%来自脂肪.
- 蛋白质摄入量应每天至少为1g·kg-1体重. 水需要至少500毫升/小时的潜水>3小时,与前潜水水分是至关重要的.
- 由于缺乏证据和极端性质,商业/军事潜水的专用饮食不建议休潜水员使用.
结论:
- 目前对休潜水员的营养建议不考虑环境因素 (温度,深度,气体混合) 或个体的变化.
- 建议考虑基底代谢率和活性水平的个性化建议,但需要进一步验证.
- 需要进行更多的研究,以根据潜水个人资料和人口统计数据来完善休潜水者的营养策略.
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