相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

听觉空间在背部下结体的种群编码与改变的双耳线索持续存在

Meike M Rogalla¹, Gunnar L Quass¹, Harry Yardley¹

¹Kresge Hearing Research Institute & Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|September 24, 2024

概括

成熟的听觉系统很快适应突然的听力损失,下侧结肠 (IC) 中的神经元在几个小时内调整声音定位码. 这种神经可塑性确保了有效的空间听力,尽管双耳输入的变化.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
审计系统研究审计系统研究
感官处理感官处理

背景情况:

声音本地化对于听觉场景分析至关重要,需要可适应的中央听觉表示.
大脑在听力损失等外围突然变化后调整空间听觉编码的能力仍然不完全理解.

研究的目的:

为了研究下 (IC) 的较高阶外层如何在急性单耳听力损失后编码声源位置.
确定听觉空间表征中神经适应的时间动态.

主要方法:

在清醒,头部固定的小鼠体内使用2光子 (Ca2+) 成像.
在正常的双耳听力条件下,并在通过耳塞诱导急性单耳听力损失后,记录下下 (IC) 中的神经活动.

主要成果:

在IC中的神经元表现出广泛的空间受体场,对对侧向和侧向两侧半球场中的声音作出反应.
急性单耳听力损失导致多种影响:一些神经元表现出扩大受体场和减少选择性,而另一些神经元表现出增强的调和偏好的位置的双侧移动.
尽管个体神经元发生了变化,但神经元群体的整体空间分辨率在很大程度上保持不变,适应发生在2小时内.
线性分类器表明,空间信息化人口代码迅速适应听力损失,但在不同听力条件下进行测试时,分类准确性下降.

结论:

成熟的听觉系统在对单声听力损失的反应中编码空间听觉信息时表现出快速的神经可塑性.
较低的结合体 (IC) 神经元群体可以快速重新校准它们的空间表示,在没有广泛的经验的情况下保持功能声学空间编码.
这些发现强调了听觉空间处理的动态性质和大脑快速适应感官变化的能力.

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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Hair Cells

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...