美国老年人健康预期寿命的城乡差距
Jack M Chapel1,2, Elizabeth Currid-Halkett1, Bryan Tysinger1,2
1Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
概括
临近退休的美国农村人口的健康质量调整后预期寿命 (QALE) 比城市人低. 这种差距正在扩大,特别是在男性中,突出了针对性卫生干预措施的必要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 评估未来的生活结果需要考虑长寿和健康质量.
- 美国农村和城市人口在健康和获得医疗保健方面存在显著差异.
- 了解这些差异对于制定针对老龄化人口的有效公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计美国老年人的健康质量调整后预期寿命 (QALE).
- 分析接近退休年龄的个人在QALE中的城乡差异.
- 检查随着时间的推移,城乡QALE差距的趋势.
主要方法:
- 使用了一个动态微模拟模型.
- 来自"健康与退休研究"的雇员数据.
- 59-60岁的美国农村和城市人口 (2014-2020) 估计的未来寿命和健康质量.
主要成果:
- 60岁的城市男性的QALE为17.5年,而农村男性的QALE为15.7年.
- 60岁的城市女性的QALE为19.3年,而农村女性的QALE为18.7年.
- 城市和农村的QALE差距在1994-2000年和2014-2020年之间在男性中大幅扩大.
结论:
- 卫生质量是理解老年人生活结果的农村差异的关键因素.
- 预计现有的慢性疾病差异将增加城市和农村的QALE差距,特别是在男性中.
- 针对吸烟,肥胖和心脏病的早期生活干预措施可能是减少未来QALE差异的关键.
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