自闭症和非自闭症成年人使用话语语境来确定演讲者的请求意图
Faith Frost1, Marisa Nagano2, Emily Zane3
1Communication Sciences and Disorders at James Madison University, Health and Behavioral Studies Building, 235 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Rm. 1068, Harrisonburg, VA, 22801, USA. frostfd@jmu.edu.
Cognitive processing
|September 24, 2024
概括
自闭症成年人解释模两可的语言,如间接请求,类似于神经类型成年人. 情绪识别技能,而不是自闭症诊断,预测了对发言意图的理解.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种神经发育状况,其特点是社会沟通的差异.
- 了解间接请求依赖于上下文线索和推断说话者的意图.
- 之前的研究表明,自闭症患者在务实语言理解方面存在潜在的困难.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较自闭症和神经类型成年人如何使用上下文来解释模两可的陈述作为文字陈述或间接请求.
- 识别认知机制,如思维和执行功能,与两组间接请求解释相关.
- 为了确定这些认知相关性在自闭症和神经类型成年人之间是否有所不同.
主要方法:
- 一项在线实验与26名自闭症和26名神经类型大学生进行.
- 参与者阅读叙述,其次是模两可的陈述,并选择字面解释或请求解释.
- 认知评估包括情绪识别,错误信念任务和执行功能测试.
主要成果:
- 预测解释准确性的最佳模型包括情绪识别得分和上下文信息,具有显著的相互作用.
- 较高的情感识别分数与更准确地解释发言意图相关.
- 自闭症诊断和执行功能测量没有显著预测解释准确性.
结论:
- 自闭症成年人似乎在解释间接请求时,与神经典型成年人类似地利用上下文信息.
- 情感识别能力,而不是自闭症诊断,是推断发言意图的关键预测因素.
- 实用语言解释背后的认知过程可能比以前在神经类型中假设的更相似.
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