在临床实践中,对人工智能诊断系统进行随机对照试验,用于检测食道状细胞癌
Eisuke Nakao1, Toshiyuki Yoshio1, Yusuke Kato2
1Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
Endoscopy
|September 24, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在临床试验中没有改善食道状细胞癌 (ESCC) 检测率. 这项研究在使用人工智能诊断支持系统来检测ESCC时没有发现显著差异.
科学领域:
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 医疗成像医学成像
背景情况:
- 基于深度学习的AI在图像识别方面显示出有前途的潜力,用于检测食道状细胞癌 (ESCC).
- 之前针对ESCC检测的AI研究是回顾性的,并未在临床环境中进行.
- 这项前性试验评估了人工智能在现实临床环境中对内镜师的实用性.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定人工智能是否有助于提高食道状细胞癌 (ESCC) 的检测率,在临床环境中由内镜师进行检测.
- 为了比较内镜医生在食管胃管腺镜检查期间的诊断性能,并没有人工智能支持.
- 评估人工智能对专家和非专家内镜师中ESCC检测的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个前性的,单中心的,随机对照试验,涉及高风险的患者接受食道胃管透镜检查.
- 患者被随机分配到AI组 (内镜师使用AI监视器和正常监视器) 或对照组 (内镜师只使用正常监视器).
- 主要终点是使用人工智能的非专家提高了ESCC的检测率,比较人工智能辅助与无辅助的白光成像和窄带成像.
主要成果:
- 在非专家中,ESCC的检测率在AI组为47%,对照组为45% (P = 0.93),没有显著差异.
- 专家 (87%对57%) 和所有内镜医生 (57%对50%) 的检测率也没有显示出人工智能协助的统计学上显著的改善.
- 总共有320名患者被纳入分析,染被用作ESCC检测的黄金标准.
结论:
- 在这项临床试验中,AI诊断支持系统没有证明食道癌检测率有所改善.
- 可能需要进一步的研究来优化人工智能系统或确定特定的临床场景,人工智能为ESCC检测提供了好处.
- 该研究强调了前性随机对照试验的重要性,以验证AI工具在临床实践中的重要性.
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