对海洋环境中微塑料丰度的批判性重新评估
Janika Reineccius1, Joanna J Waniek1
1Leibniz Institute of Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
The Science of the total environment
|September 24, 2024
概括
海洋中的微塑料 (MP) 污染被低估了. 这次审查纠正了全球MP丰度数据,揭示了由于标准化检测方法,海洋水和沉积物中的含量明显更高. 未来的研究需要精确的MP样本处理和分析协议.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 分析化学 分析化学
背景情况:
- 微塑料 (MP) 是一种普遍存在的海洋污染物,但它们的全球分布尚不清楚.
- 现有的检测方法缺乏标准化,导致MP丰度量化的不准确性.
- 不一致性来自于排除某些颗粒大小,聚合物类型或识别技术的限制.
研究的目的:
- 在海洋现场研究中批判性地评估当前用于量化MP丰度的方法.
- 解决MP量化中由于方法上的局限性而导致的不准确性.
- 通过重新计算10至5000微米的颗粒大小的丰度来提供MP分布的第一个更正的全球概述.
主要方法:
- 对海洋环境中现有的MP量化技术进行审查和批判性评估.
- 识别MP检测中的不准确性,包括粒子大小排除和识别方法限制.
- 基于标准化颗粒大小范围 (105000μm) 和调整后的数据,重新计算了MP的丰度.
主要成果:
- 重新计算的MP丰度在海水中高达15倍 (平均每小时) 1.5×105项m−3) 和11倍高于沉积物 (平均值) 的沉积物. 2.7 × 105 个项目kg−1).
- 澳大利亚地中海和北大西洋分别在水和沉积物中显示出最高的MP度.
- 东南亚和东美洲的海岸是这些地区污染的主要原因.
结论:
- 之前的全球估计和模型大大低估了海洋微塑料水平.
- 不准确的MP数据可能导致对当地和全球污染影响的误解.
- 对于MP样本处理和分析的标准化协议对于准确可靠的科学结果至关重要.
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