在Lophotrochozoans内部的亡信号通路的演变
Helen R Horkan1, Nikolay Popgeorgiev2,3, Michel Vervoort4
1Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Genome biology and evolution
|September 25, 2024
概括
亡途径在动物之间显示出令人惊的多样性. 这项研究揭示了lophotrochozoans细胞死亡调节者的独特进化历史,突出了metazoan进化的独特机制.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 细胞亡是编程细胞死亡的关键形式,在线虫,和哺乳动物等模型生物中是众所周知的.
- 然而,最近的发现表明内在亡的差异,而外在亡途径在非哺乳动物物种中仍然表征不佳.
- 跨越元动物的亡信号通路的进化轨迹在很大程度上是不清楚的,需要对尚未探索的生物系统进行研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究关键的亡调节者的进化史,包括启动者卡斯帕斯,卡斯帕斯激活剂,和BCL-2家族,在Lophotrochozoa.
- 阐明Lophotrochozoans中亡的机制和演变,这是一个具有显著生物多样性和遗传学重要性的主要元动物类.
- 通过检查多样化的无脊椎动物群体,解决我们对亡信号通路演变的理解中的"黑子".
主要方法:
- 在lophotrochozoan基因组中对启动者卡斯帕斯,卡斯帕斯激活剂和BCL-2家族蛋白的基因分析.
- 蛋白质相互作用预测以推断功能关系和通路组件.
- 在不同类型的lophotrochozoan (软体动物,类动物,手足类动物,类动物,类动物) 中进行比较基因组学和进化分析.
主要成果:
- 在软体动物,类动物和手足类动物中发现了启动类的显著多样化.
- 识别甲虫中关键的外部亡成分的损失.
- 在某些lophotrochozoan群体中具有ankyrin前域的新型,类特定的caspase的表征.
结论:
- 亡性演员在Lophotrochozoa中表现出独特的进化历史,与以前研究的甲动物类别不同.
- 这些发现表明,在元动物进化过程中出现了专门的亡信号通路.
- 这项研究强调了探索各种动物群体的重要性,以充分理解细胞死亡等基本生物过程的演变.
相关概念视频
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.4K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.4K
01:30Apoptosis
11.2K
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
11.2K
01:17The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.3K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.3K
01:30Overview of Cell Death
7.1K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
7.1K
01:17Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
3.7K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.7K
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
6.2K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.2K