手术口罩对面具和无面具队伍的识别决定的影响
Annegrete Palu1, Aire Raidvee1, Valeri Murnikov2
1Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
概括
将目击者与蒙面队列一起呈现,当犯罪者戴着口罩时,不会提高识别准确度. 蒙面排队可能会对准确性和信心产生负面影响,这表明它们可能不必要.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 目击者身份识别 目击者身份识别
背景情况:
- 在犯罪期间佩戴伪装,如手术口罩,可能会影响目击者识别的准确性.
- 在犯罪者伪装时,关于最佳排队程序的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 研究在编码 (犯罪) 和检索 (排队) 期间佩戴的手术口罩对目击者识别准确性的影响.
- 为了确定编码和检索之间的匹配口罩是否提高了识别性能.
主要方法:
- 452名参与者观看了模拟犯罪视频,并从同时排队 (目标存在或目标缺席) 中识别了犯罪者.
- 实验条件变化了犯罪视频和阵容演示期间面具的存在或不存在.
主要成果:
- 与编码特异性原则相反,匹配的面具存在并没有增加准确性.
- 在编码或检索过程中存在的口罩对歧视性 (区分目标和填充器的能力) 有负面影响.
- 面具的存在削弱了证人信心和决策时间的预测价值.
结论:
- 当一个证人遇到一个蒙面的罪犯时,使用蒙面排队并不一定有利于识别准确性.
- 在编码或检索时,面具的存在可能会损害目击者的表现和信任判断的可靠性.
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